List of Tables
    Table 1. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Market Size by Type (K Tons) & (US$ Million) (2022 VS 2028)
    Table 2. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Market Size by Application (K Tons) & (US$ Million) (2022 VS 2028)
    Table 3. Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Market Size Comparison by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
    Table 4. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity by Manufacturers (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Table 5. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production (K Tons) by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
    Table 6. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
    Table 7. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Revenue by Manufacturers (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
    Table 8. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
    Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Phosphate Compound Fertilizer as of 2021)
    Table 10. Global Market Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Average Price (US$/Ton) of Key Manufacturers (2017-2022)
    Table 11. Manufacturers Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Sites and Area Served
    Table 12. Manufacturers Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Product Types
    Table 13. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
    Table 14. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
    Table 15. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons) by Region (2017-2022)
    Table 16. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production (K Tons) by Region (2017-2022)
    Table 17. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Revenue (US$ Million) by Region (2017-2022)
    Table 18. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
    Table 19. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 20. North America Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 21. Europe Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 22. China Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 23. Japan Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 24. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption Market by Region (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Table 25. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
    Table 26. North America Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption by Country (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Table 27. Europe Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption by Country (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Table 28. Asia Pacific Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption by Region (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Table 29. Latin America Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption by Country (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Table 30. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production (K Tons) by Type (2017-2022)
    Table 31. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
    Table 32. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2017-2022)
    Table 33. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Revenue Share by Type (2017-2022)
    Table 34. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Price (US$/Ton) by Type (2017-2022)
    Table 35. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production by Application (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Table 36. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
    Table 37. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2017-2022)
    Table 38. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Revenue Share by Application (2017-2022)
    Table 39. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Price (US$/Ton) by Application (2017-2022)
    Table 40. Nutrien Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Corporation Information
    Table 41. Nutrien Specification and Application
    Table 42. Nutrien Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 43. Nutrien Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 44. Nutrien Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 45. CF Industries Holdings Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Corporation Information
    Table 46. CF Industries Holdings Specification and Application
    Table 47. CF Industries Holdings Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 48. CF Industries Holdings Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 49. CF Industries Holdings Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 50. Coromandel International Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Corporation Information
    Table 51. Coromandel International Specification and Application
    Table 52. Coromandel International Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 53. Coromandel International Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 54. Coromandel International Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 55. Euro Chem Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Corporation Information
    Table 56. Euro Chem Specification and Application
    Table 57. Euro Chem Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 58. Euro Chem Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 59. Euro Chem Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 60. Israel Chemicals Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Corporation Information
    Table 61. Israel Chemicals Specification and Application
    Table 62. Israel Chemicals Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 63. Israel Chemicals Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 64. Israel Chemicals Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 65. Office Cherifien Des Phosphates Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Corporation Information
    Table 66. Office Cherifien Des Phosphates Specification and Application
    Table 67. Office Cherifien Des Phosphates Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 68. Office Cherifien Des Phosphates Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 69. Office Cherifien Des Phosphates Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 70. Phosagro Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Corporation Information
    Table 71. Phosagro Specification and Application
    Table 72. Phosagro Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 73. Phosagro Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 74. Phosagro Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 75. Potash Corp of Saskatchewan Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Corporation Information
    Table 76. Potash Corp of Saskatchewan Specification and Application
    Table 77. Potash Corp of Saskatchewan Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 78. Potash Corp of Saskatchewan Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 79. Potash Corp of Saskatchewan Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 80. Mosaic Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Corporation Information
    Table 81. Mosaic Specification and Application
    Table 82. Mosaic Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 83. Mosaic Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 84. Mosaic Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 85. Yara International Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Corporation Information
    Table 86. Yara International Specification and Application
    Table 87. Yara International Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 88. Yara International Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 89. Yara International Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 90. JESA Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Corporation Information
    Table 91. JESA Specification and Application
    Table 92. JESA Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 93. JESA Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 94. JESA Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 95. MIRA Organics and Chemicals Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Corporation Information
    Table 96. MIRA Organics and Chemicals Specification and Application
    Table 97. MIRA Organics and Chemicals Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 98. MIRA Organics and Chemicals Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 99. MIRA Organics and Chemicals Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 100. Yunnan Yuntianhua International Chemical Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Corporation Information
    Table 101. Yunnan Yuntianhua International Chemical Specification and Application
    Table 102. Yunnan Yuntianhua International Chemical Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 103. Yunnan Yuntianhua International Chemical Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 104. Yunnan Yuntianhua International Chemical Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 105. California Organic Fertilizers Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Corporation Information
    Table 106. California Organic Fertilizers Specification and Application
    Table 107. California Organic Fertilizers Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 108. California Organic Fertilizers Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 109. California Organic Fertilizers Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 110. California Organic Fertilizers Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Corporation Information
    Table 111. JR Peters Specification and Application
    Table 112. JR Peters Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 113. JR Peters Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 114. JR Peters Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 115. Perfect Blend Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Corporation Information
    Table 116. Perfect Blend Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 117. Perfect Blend Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 118. Perfect Blend Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 119. Qatar Fertiliser Company Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Corporation Information
    Table 120. Qatar Fertiliser Company Specification and Application
    Table 121. Qatar Fertiliser Company Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 122. Qatar Fertiliser Company Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 123. Qatar Fertiliser Company Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 124. Minera FORMAS Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Corporation Information
    Table 125. Minera FORMAS Specification and Application
    Table 126. Minera FORMAS Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 127. Minera FORMAS Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 128. Minera FORMAS Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 129. Sichuan Blue Sword Chemical Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Corporation Information
    Table 130. Sichuan Blue Sword Chemical Specification and Application
    Table 131. Sichuan Blue Sword Chemical Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 132. Sichuan Blue Sword Chemical Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 133. Sichuan Blue Sword Chemical Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 134. Sichuan Chuanxi Xingda Chemical Plant Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Corporation Information
    Table 135. Sichuan Chuanxi Xingda Chemical Plant Specification and Application
    Table 136. Sichuan Chuanxi Xingda Chemical Plant Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 137. Sichuan Chuanxi Xingda Chemical Plant Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 138. Sichuan Chuanxi Xingda Chemical Plant Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 139. Sulux Phosphates Limited Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Corporation Information
    Table 140. Sulux Phosphates Limited Specification and Application
    Table 141. Sulux Phosphates Limited Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 142. Sulux Phosphates Limited Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 143. Sulux Phosphates Limited Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 144. Plasticizers & Allied Chemicals Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Corporation Information
    Table 145. Plasticizers & Allied Chemicals Specification and Application
    Table 146. Plasticizers & Allied Chemicals Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 147. Plasticizers & Allied Chemicals Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 148. Plasticizers & Allied Chemicals Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 149. The Kugler Company Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Corporation Information
    Table 150. The Kugler Company Specification and Application
    Table 151. The Kugler Company Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Ton) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 152. The Kugler Company Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 153. The Kugler Company Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 154. Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
    Table 155. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
    Table 156. Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Distributors List
    Table 157. Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Customers List
    Table 158. Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Market Trends
    Table 159. Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Market Drivers
    Table 160. Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Market Challenges
    Table 161. Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Market Restraints
    Table 162. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production (K Tons) Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
    Table 163. North America Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (K Tons)
    Table 164. Europe Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (K Tons)
    Table 165. Asia Pacific Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (K Tons)
    Table 166. Latin America Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (K Tons)
    Table 167. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (K Tons)
    Table 168. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Revenue Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
    Table 169. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (US$/Ton)
    Table 170. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (K Tons)
    Table 171. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Revenue Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
    Table 172. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Price Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (US$/Ton)
    Table 173. Research Programs/Design for This Report
    Table 174. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
    Table 175. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
    Figure 1. Product Picture of Phosphate Compound Fertilizer
    Figure 2. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Market Share by Type: 2022 VS 2028
    Figure 3. Superphosphate Product Picture
    Figure 4. Ammonium Polyphosphate Product Picture
    Figure 5. Others Product Picture
    Figure 6. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Market Share by Application: 2022 VS 2028
    Figure 7. Grains
    Figure 8. Oilseeds
    Figure 9. Fruits
    Figure 10. Vegetables
    Figure 11. Others
    Figure 12. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Revenue (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
    Figure 13. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Revenue (US$ Million) (2017-2028)
    Figure 14. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Capacity (K Tons) & (2017-2028)
    Figure 15. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production (K Tons) & (2017-2028)
    Figure 16. North America Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)
    Figure 17. Europe Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)
    Figure 18. China Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)
    Figure 19. Japan Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)
    Figure 20. Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Share by Manufacturers in 2021
    Figure 21. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2021
    Figure 22. Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2017 VS 2021
    Figure 23. Global Market Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Average Price (US$/Ton) of Key Manufacturers in 2021
    Figure 24. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Revenue in 2021
    Figure 25. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
    Figure 26. North America Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production (K Tons) Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    Figure 27. Europe Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production (K Tons) Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    Figure 28. China Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production (K Tons) Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    Figure 29. Japan Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production (K Tons) Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    Figure 30. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
    Figure 31. North America Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Figure 32. North America Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption Market Share by Country in 2021
    Figure 33. Canada Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Figure 34. U.S. Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Figure 35. Europe Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Figure 36. Europe Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption Market Share by Country in 2021
    Figure 37. Germany Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Figure 38. France Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Figure 39. U.K. Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Figure 40. Italy Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Figure 41. Russia Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Figure 42. Asia Pacific Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Figure 43. Asia Pacific Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2021
    Figure 44. China Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Figure 45. Japan Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Figure 46. South Korea Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Figure 47. China Taiwan Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Figure 48. Southeast Asia Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Figure 49. India Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Figure 50. Australia Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Figure 51. Latin America Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Figure 52. Latin America Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption Market Share by Country in 2021
    Figure 53. Mexico Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Figure 54. Brazil Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Tons)
    Figure 55. Production Market Share of Phosphate Compound Fertilizer by Type (2017-2022)
    Figure 56. Production Market Share of Phosphate Compound Fertilizer by Type in 2021
    Figure 57. Revenue Share of Phosphate Compound Fertilizer by Type (2017-2022)
    Figure 58. Revenue Market Share of Phosphate Compound Fertilizer by Type in 2021
    Figure 59. Production Market Share of Phosphate Compound Fertilizer by Application (2017-2022)
    Figure 60. Production Market Share of Phosphate Compound Fertilizer by Application in 2021
    Figure 61. Revenue Share of Phosphate Compound Fertilizer by Application (2017-2022)
    Figure 62. Revenue Market Share of Phosphate Compound Fertilizer by Application in 2021
    Figure 63. Manufacturing Cost Structure of Phosphate Compound Fertilizer
    Figure 64. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Phosphate Compound Fertilizer
    Figure 65. Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Industrial Chain Analysis
    Figure 66. Channels of Distribution
    Figure 67. Distributors Profiles
    Figure 68. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
    Figure 69. North America Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production (K Tons) Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
    Figure 70. Europe Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production (K Tons) Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
    Figure 71. China Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production (K Tons) Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
    Figure 72. Japan Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production (K Tons) Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
    Figure 73. Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of Phosphate Compound Fertilizer (2017-2028) & (K Tons)
    Figure 74. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
    Figure 75. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
    Figure 76. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Production Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
    Figure 77. Global Phosphate Compound Fertilizer Revenue Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
    Figure 78. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
    Figure 79. Data Triangulation